ABSTRACT
Introduction: In addition to smoking, smokeless tobacco hasalso evidently shown its effect on various oral tissues.Smokeless tobacco products have been in existence forthousands of years among populations in South America andSoutheast Asia in varied forms.Methodology: This cross-sectional study investigated theeffect of commonly used smokeless tobacco on periodontalhealth in local population of nearby villages of Air Force StationBakshi Ka Talab, U.P., India, for which 2045 individuals[males=1455 (71%), females=590 (28.9%)] were evaluated.Results: Maximum incidence of smokeless tobaccoconsumption was observed in the age group 21–30 years(39.4%), whereas minimum consumption was observed in theage group 10–20 years (7.5%). The peak smokeless tobaccoconsumption was observed between the ages 21 and 40 years.Recording of oral hygiene measures included in this studyshowed majority of subjects (n=1961) used tooth brushing asthe oral hygiene measure, while some used datoon (n=30;1.5%) for cleaning their teeth and others used their finger(n=54; 2.6%) with or without tooth powder.Conclusion: This study conclude that, PPD were significantlyhigher statistically amongst longer duration (>5 years)smokeless tobacco users as compared to non-tobacco users.
ABSTRACT
Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae, leaves) is commonly used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of a wide range of disorders. The present work emphasizes on a validated HPTLC method for estimation of ursolic acid from U. dioica leaves and its available formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate with toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Detection of ursolic acid was carried out by derivatizing the plate with Liebermann Burchard reagent at 110°C for 10 min. Camag TLC scanner 4 equipped with winCATS software was used for densitometric scanning at 366 nm. The accuracy of the method was checked by conducting various validation parameters according to ICH guidelines. The method was found applicable to evaluate the impact of regional variation on ursolic acid content in U. dioica leaves. The research also highlights estimation of ursolic acid from a marketed herbal formulation of U. dioica leaves. The described HPTLC method was found useful for quantitation of bioactive marker ursolic acid and can be used as a routine quality control tool for the assessment of botanicals.